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Our Milestones

Since 1983, Apollo Heart Institutes has been at the forefront of cardiovascular care in India, building a legacy of trust, clinical excellence, and innovation in interventional cardiology and cardiac surgery. Over the past 40 years, we have evolved into India’s largest and most trusted heart hospital network, delivering world-class treatment across prevention, diagnostics, minimally invasive procedures, and complex surgical care.
 
3
L+
Successful angioplasties
1
L+
Outpatient consultations annually
2
L+
Cardiac surgeries
10
K+
Elective cardiac procedures yearly
5
k+
emergency cardiac interventions annually
1
k+
heart transplants with 90%+ success rate
95
%
success rate in complex cardiac procedures
  • India’s largest network with 39 specialised cardiac facilities
  • Over 300+ of India’s leading cardiologists and cardiac surgeons
  • 50+ state-of-the-art catheterisation laboratories
  • Patients treated from 150+ countries
  • Recognised among India’s leading heart care hospital networks

Why Choose Apollo Heart Institute?

Unmatched Expertise in Advanced Cardiology

At Apollo Heart Institutes, we combine over four decades of excellence in cardiology and cardiac surgery with continuous innovation in interventional cardiology, minimally invasive procedures, and complex heart treatments. Our team of more than 375 experienced cardiologists and cardiac surgeons work collaboratively to provide comprehensive care for conditions ranging from coronary artery disease and heart failure to advanced structural and transplant cases. We focus not only on treating the heart condition but on caring for the whole person.

What Sets Our Expertise Apart :

  • Comprehensive cardiac care under one roof
  • Evidence-based treatment protocols aligned with global standards
  • Multidisciplinary heart teams for complex cardiac cases
  • Advanced technology including robotic and minimally invasive cardiac surgery
  • Continuous clinical audits and outcome tracking for quality assurance
World-Class Cardiac Infrastructure

Our specialised heart facilities are designed to deliver safe, precise, and world-class cardiac treatment across India. With cutting-edge diagnostic and surgical technologies, Apollo ensures advanced heart care is accessible close to home.

Our Advanced Facilities Include:

  • State-of-the-art catheterisation laboratories (cath labs)
  • Advanced cardiac imaging and diagnostic systems
  • Dedicated cardiac intensive care units (CICU)
  • Comprehensive heart transplant facilities
  • Robotic and minimally invasive cardiac surgery capabilities
A Truly Patient-Centric Approach 

We understand that heart treatment involves medical expertise as well as emotional reassurance and seamless care coordination. From emergency heart attack management to long-term cardiac rehabilitation, our teams support patients and families at every step. 

How We Put You First:

  • 24/7 emergency cardiac services
  • Personalised heart treatment plans
  • Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation and follow-up care
  • International patient support protocols
  • Dedicated care coordinators
International Accreditations and Recognition

Our commitment to excellence is reinforced by globally recognised certifications and awards that reflect adherence to the highest standards in cardiovascular medicine.

Our Achievements Include:
  • Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation
  • Best Cardiology Care Award – Healthcare Asia Awards
  • Best Hospital – Cardiology, Apollo Hospitals Chennai (National Recognition)

Apollo Heart Institutes continues to be a trusted destination for preventive cardiology, advanced heart surgery, emergency cardiac care, and complex transplant procedures for patients across India and more than 140 countries worldwide.

Expert Cardiac Care Team

We can help you choose the top specialists from our pool of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons.
  • Cardiologists
Cardiac Sciences
Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery
47+ years , MBBS, M.D (U.S.A.), MS, FHCS , FICS
Cardiac Sciences
40+ years , MD, DM
Cardiac Sciences
42+ years , M.B.B.S.; M.S.(Surgery); M.Ch.(Thoracic Surgery)
Cardiac Sciences
39+ years , MBBS, MS (General Surgery), Dip. B.M.Sc. (Anat), DNB (General Surgery), MCh, FRCS
Cardiology
45+ years , MBBS, MD ( Medicine ), MRCP (UK), FRCP(London), FRCP ( Glasgow) FRCP (Glasgow)
Cardiac Sciences
43+ years , MBBS, MD(Med), DM(Cardiology)
Cardiology
42+ years , MBBS, MD, Dip (Cardiology), FCCP
Cardiac Sciences
40+ years , Dr. MD (Medicine), DM(Cardiology), FAMS, FESC, FRCP (Edinburgh), FICA (USA), Fellow American College of Cardiology (USA), Dr. BC Roy National Awardee

Our Cardiology Subspecialties

Apollo Heart Institutes offers comprehensive expertise across all major cardiology and cardiac surgery subspecialties, ensuring advanced and condition-specific heart care under one roof.
Interventional Cardiology

Advanced catheter-based procedures to treat blocked or narrowed arteries without open surgery, including angioplasty, stent placement, and complex coronary interventions.

Electrophysiology

Specialised care for heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias) using advanced EP studies, catheter ablation, pacemaker implantation, and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD).

Preventive Cardiology

Comprehensive risk assessment and early detection programs focused on preventing heart disease through lifestyle modification, advanced screening, and personalised cardiac risk management.

Pediatric Cardiology

Specialised diagnosis and treatment of congenital and acquired heart conditions in infants, children, and adolescents, including catheter-based and surgical interventions.

Heart Failure & Transplant

Advanced management of heart failure including medication optimisation, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), mechanical circulatory support (LVAD), and heart transplantation programs.

 

Structural Heart Disease

Minimally invasive treatment for structural abnormalities of the heart such as valve disorders and septal defects, including TAVR and device-based closure procedures.

Cardiothoracic Surgery

Comprehensive surgical care including coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), valve repair and replacement, aortic surgery, minimally invasive cardiac surgery, and complex thoracic procedures.

Common Heart Conditions

  • Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
  • Heart Failure
  • Valve Diseases
  • Heart rhythm issues or Arrhythmias
  • Congenital Heart Disease
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Coronary artery disease occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup. If untreated, it can lead to angina or a heart attack.

Our Comprehensive Care Includes:
Treatment options include:
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Heart Failure

Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump blood effectively. With proper management and advanced therapies, patients can live active lives.

Our Comprehensive Care Includes:
Advanced treatment options:
  • Guideline-directed medical therapy

  • Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)

  • Mechanical heart pumps (LVAD)

  • Heart transplant

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Valve Diseases

Heart valve disorders affect blood flow through the heart and may require medical or surgical intervention.

Our Comprehensive Care Includes:
Treatment options:
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Heart rhythm issues or Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias occur when the heart beats too fast, too slow, or irregularly.

Our Comprehensive Care Includes:
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Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart conditions are structural abnormalities present at birth. Our program offers lifelong care from infancy through adulthood.

Our Comprehensive Care Includes:
Specialised programs include:
  • Pediatric cardiology

  • Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) care

  • Catheter-based and surgical correction

Diagnostic Tests at Apollo Heart Institutes

Our cardiac diagnostic services use advanced methods to understand your heart's health. These tests are help us diagnose problems early, leading to better treatment outcomes.
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

An ECG is a simple, quick test that shows how your heart is beating. Think of it as taking a snapshot of your heart's electrical activity. Small sticky patches (electrodes) are placed on your chest, arms, and legs. These patches connect to a machine that creates a graph of your heart's rhythm.

What This Test Shows:

  • Heart Rhythm: Shows if your heartbeat is regular or irregular.
  • Heart Rate: Tells if your heart is beating too fast, too slow, or just right.
  • Heart Attack Signs: Can detect if you've had a heart attack or if your heart isn't getting enough oxygen.
  • Heart Size: Helps doctors know if parts of your heart are enlarged.
  • Medication Effects: Shows how heart medicines are working.

What to Expect:

  • Takes only 5-10 minutes
  • No special preparation needed
  • Results are available immediately

Read more on ECG

Echocardiography (Echo)

An echo is like an ultrasound for your heart. It uses sound waves to create moving pictures of your heart. 

This Test Shows:

  • Heart Movement: How well your heart pumps blood.
  • Heart Size and Shape: If your heart is normal sized or enlarged.
  • Valve Function: How well your heart valves are working.
  • Blood Flow: How blood moves through your heart.
  • Heart Strength: How strongly your heart muscle squeezes.

What to Expect:

  • Takes about 30–45 minutes
  • Gel is applied to your chest
  • A hand-held device moves over your chest
  • No radiation or pain involved
  • Can be done to check the heart’s activity both while resting or exercising

Read more about Echocardiography

Stress Testing

A stress test shows how well your heart works during physical activity. You would walk on a treadmill while we monitor your heart.

What We Learn:

  • Exercise Capacity: How much activity your heart can handle.
  • Blood Flow: If your heart gets enough blood during exercise.
  • Heart Rhythm: How your heartbeat changes with activity.
  • Blood Pressure Response: How your blood pressure changes with exercise.
  • Symptoms: If exercise causes chest pain or breathing problems.

What to Expect:

  • Takes about 30–60 minutes
  • Wear comfortable clothes and shoes
  • Starts easy and gradually gets harder
  • Can stop anytime if needed
  • Medical team present throughout

Read More on Stress Test

Cardiac CT Angiography

This test uses a special X-ray machine to take detailed 3D pictures of your heart and blood vessels. Think of it as creating a detailed picture of your heart's arteries.

Benefits and Uses:

  • Clear Views: Shows detailed pictures of coronary arteries.
  • Block Detection: Finds narrowed or blocked arteries.
  • Safe Process: Uses minimal radiation.
  • Quick Results: Takes only about 15 minutes.
  • Non-Invasive

What to Expect:

  • Usually takes 15–30 minutes
  • Lie still on a table
  • Contrast dye given through arm IV
  • Breath-holding for a few seconds
  • Results usually available the same day

Read more about CT Angiography

Holter Monitoring

A Holter monitor is like having a personal heart rhythm recorder that you wear for 24-48 hours. It tracks your heart rhythm as you go about your daily activities.

What It Records :

  • Continuous Heart Rhythm: Shows how the heart rhythm throughout the day and night.
  • Symptom Correlation: Links your symptoms with heart rhythm changes.
  • Medicine Effects: Trackseffect of medications on your heart rhythm.
  • Activity Impact: Records how different activities affect your heart.
  • Silent Problems: Catches irregular heartbeats you might not feel.

What to Expect :

  • Small, portable device
  • Wear for 1–2 days
  • Small patches attached to chest
  • Keep a simple diary of activities
  • Return device for analysis

Read more about Holter Monitoring

Coronary Angiogram

An angiogram is a specialized X-ray test that gives doctors a detailed view of the blood vessels supplying your heart [also called the coronary arteries] . Think of it as creating a detailed movie of your heart's blood flow, showing exactly where there might be blockages or narrowing in the arteries.

What This Test Shows:

  • Artery Blockages: Shows exactly where and how severely the coronary arteries are blocked.
  • Blood Flow Patterns: Reveals the nature of blood circulation through your heart.
  • Heart Structure: Provides clear pictures of your heart's anatomy.
  • Treatment Planning: Helps doctors decide if you need angioplasty, stents, or bypass surgery.
  • Valve Function: Can show how well your heart valves are working.

What to Expect:

Before the Test:

  • Usually requires 4–6 hours of fasting
  • Blood tests to check kidney function
  • Brief hospital stay (usually day care)
  • Need to stop certain medications

During the Test:

  • Local anesthesia at the catheter insertion site (wrist or groin)
  • Special dye injected through a thin tube (catheter)
  • X-ray pictures taken as the dye flows through the heart
  • Takes about 30–60 minutes
  • You're awake but relaxed

After the Test:

  • Few hours of bed rest
  • Drinking plenty of fluids to flush out the dye
  • Can usually go home the same day
  • Resume normal activities in 1–2 days
Nuclear Cardiac Stress Test

These tests use a small amount of radioactive material to show how well blood flows to your heart muscle.

Benefits and Uses:

  • Blood Flow Assessment: Shows areas of poor blood flow
  • Heart Muscle Health: Reveals damaged or scarred areas
  • Treatment Effectiveness: Evaluates how well treatments are working
  • Risk Assessment: Helps predict future heart problems
  • Exercise Capacity: Shows heart function during stress 

What to Expect:

  • Test takes 2-4 hours
  • Small injection of radioactive tracer
  • Pictures taken at rest and with stress
  • No special recovery needed
  • Results available in 1-2 days

Read more about Nuclear Cardiac Stress Tests

Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)

This test provides extremely clear pictures of your heart through a special ultrasound probe passed down your food pipe. Think of it as getting a close up view of your heart from behind.

What We Learn:

  • Detailed Images: Clearer pictures than regular echocardiogram
  • Blood Clots: Can detect clots in heart chambers
  • Valve Problems: Detailed view of heart valve function
  • Infection: Can show infection on heart valves
  • Congenital Issues: Reveals congenital  defects in heart structure 

What to Expect:

  • Takes about 30 minutes
  • Light sedation provided
  • Nothing to eat/drink for 6 hours before
  • Throat spray to numb gag reflex
  • Short recovery time needed

Read More About TEE

Our Treatments & Procedures

Apollo’s Interventional Cardiology program offers advanced treatments to open blocked arteries, repair heart valves, and treat structural heart issues—all without major surgery. Catheters are very small tubes that healthcare providers put through your blood vessels. This is why you don't need an incision for a procedure that uses a catheter.

Interventional cardiac procedures are minimally invasive procedures that use a catheter to treat heart conditions without making large incisions. These procedures are performed by an interventional cardiologist, a cardiologist who has received additional training in diagnosing and treating heart conditions.

  • Coronary Interventions
  • Structural Procedures
  • Electrophysiology Procedures
  • Surgical Procedures
  • Minimally Invasive Cardiac Procedures
  • Minimally Invasive Valve Procedures
  • Minimally invasive Coronary Revascularization procedures
  • Advanced Specialized Cardiac Programs
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Coronary Interventions

a. Angioplasty: Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to open blocked or narrowed coronary arteries which supply blood to the heart. A small balloon is inserted through a thin tube (catheter) into the affected artery and inflated to push the plaque against the artery wall, improving blood flow. This procedure helps reduce chest pain and prevent heart attacks.

Read more about Angioplasty

b. Stenting: Often performed during angioplasty, stenting involves placing a small, expandable mesh tube (stent) in the artery to keep it open. Stents help maintain better blood flow and prevent re-narrowing of the artery, significantly reducing the risk of future blockages.

Read more about Stenting

c. Complex Coronary Procedures: Some coronary artery blockages are more challenging to treat due to their location or severity. Complex coronary procedures involve advanced techniques and specialized equipment to clear coronary blockages in difficult-to-reach or highly obstructed arteries. This includes chronic total occlusions (CTOs), where the artery is completely blocked for an extended period. These procedures use advanced catheter-based tools, specialized guide wires, and imaging technology to visualise and clear blockages. Techniques like rotational atherectomy (rotablation) may be employed to break down calcified plaques. These procedures are often necessary for patients with multiple blockages, significant calcification, or previous failed interventions.

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Structural Procedures

a.  Valve Repairs: Valve repair procedures are tailored to fix specific issues with heart valves without replacing them. Repairing valves can improve heart function, reduce symptoms, and often provide a longer-lasting solution than valve replacement. These type of procedures include:
 

  • TAVR/TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/Implantation): TAVR is a minimally invasive procedure to replace a damaged aortic valve without open-heart surgery. Using a catheter, a new valve is placed inside the diseased valve. This approach is ideal for patients who may be at high risk for traditional surgery, offering a quicker recovery.

 

  • MitraClip Procedure:  This minimally invasive procedure treats mitral valve regurgitation (a condition where blood leaks backward into the heart). A small clip is attached to the mitral valve to help it close more effectively, improving blood flow and reducing symptoms like fatigue and shortness of breath.

Know more about MitraClip Procedure

 

b. Balloon Valvuloplasty: Balloon valvuloplasty treats narrowed heart valves by using a small balloon attached to a catheter. The balloon is inserted into the narrowed valve and then gently inflated, which widens the valve opening and improves blood flow, relieving symptoms and enhancing heart function.

 

c. Left Atrial Appendage Closure (LAAC): LAAC is a procedure to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib), a common heart rhythm disorder. It involves closing a small, pouch-like structure in the heart (left atrial appendage) where blood clots may form, significantly lowering stroke risk for AFib patients.

 

d. Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Closure: PFO closure is a minimally invasive procedure used to close a small hole between the upper chambers of the heart. This hole, which normally closes at birth, sometimes remains open and can increase the risk of stroke. By closing the PFO, patients reduce the risk of stroke and other complications.

 

e. Paravalvular Leak Repair: This specialized procedure addresses leaks around artificial heart valves that may have been implanted in previous surgeries. Using a catheter, doctors seal the leak without needing to perform open-heart surgery again. This helps improve valve function and reduces symptoms, enhancing the patient's quality of life.

 

f. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Closure: ASD closure is a minimally invasive procedure that repairs holes between the upper chambers of the heart. Using specialized devices, doctors can close these holes through a catheter, reducing the need for open surgery and promoting faster recovery.

Know more about ASD Closure

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Electrophysiology Procedures

Apollo’s advanced Electrophysiology program provides specialized treatments for heart rhythm problems. These procedures help manage abnormal heart rhythms and improve heart function.
 

a. Catheter Ablation: In this minimally invasive procedure, doctors use heat (radiofrequency energy) or extreme cold to carefully destroy small areas of heart tissue causing irregular heartbeats. By targeting these specific areas, catheter ablation helps correct various types of arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms) and restores a normal heartbeat.

Know more 
 

b. Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Placement: An ICD is a small, life-saving device implanted under the skin. It continuously monitors heart rhythm and delivers an electric shock if it detects a dangerous, life-threatening rhythm. This shock restores a normal heartbeat and helps prevent sudden cardiac death in high-risk patients.

 

c. Pacemaker Insertion: A pacemaker is a small electronic device implanted to help in cases of  slow heartbeats. It sends electrical signals to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate, helping patients with bradycardia (slow heart rhythms).

 

d. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT): CRT is an advanced type of pacemaker therapy that coordinates the pumping of both lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). This synchronization helps the heart pump blood more efficiently, especially in patients with heart failure and electrical timing issues.

 

e. Loop Recorder Implantation: A loop recorder is a small device placed just under the skin to continuously monitor and record heart rhythms for up to three years. It’s useful for diagnosing unexplained fainting or palpitations, as it tracks irregular heartbeats over long periods.

Know more 

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Surgical Procedures

a. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG)

CABG is a surgery that creates a new route for blood to flow around blocked coronary arteries in the heart. To do this, doctors use a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body (like the leg or chest) and connect it to the blocked heart artery, allowing blood to bypass the blockage. This reduces chest pain, improves heart function, and lowers the risk of a heart attack.
 

  • Traditional CABG: The most common form of bypass surgery, where surgeons use healthy blood vessels to bypass blockages. It effectively relieves symptoms and reduces the risk of heart attacks.
  • Off-Pump Surgery (Beating-Heart Surgery): In this type, the surgery is done while the heart is still beating, which helps certain patients avoid complications from stopping the heart.
  • Minimally Invasive Options: This approach uses smaller cuts instead of opening the chest fully. It allows for quicker recovery and fewer complications.
  • Robotic-Assisted Procedures: Surgeons use robotic arms to perform the bypass through very small cuts. This precise method reduces pain and speeds up recovery.

Know more about CABG

 

b. Heart Valve Surgery

  • Valve Repair and Replacement: Heart valves help control blood flow through the heart, and when they are  damaged, blood flow is affected. Surgeons can either repair the valve to make it work better or replace it with an artificial or biological valve. This surgery helps improve blood flow, relieves symptoms, and can prevent serious complications like heart failure.
  • Minimally Invasive Approaches: Some valve surgeries can be done using small cuts instead of a large chest incision. This approach reduces pain, scarring, and recovery time, allowing patients to heal faster.
  • Complex Valve Reconstructions: For severely damaged or unusually shaped valves, surgeons use advanced techniques to repair the valve while keeping as much of the patient’s natural tissue as possible. They may adjust the valve’s leaflets (flaps that open and close) and supporting cords to restore its normal function.
  • Multiple Valve Procedures: If a patient has problems with more than one valve, surgeons can repair or replace multiple valves during the same surgery. This helps restore healthy blood flow and heart function in one operation.

Know more about Heart Valve Surgery
 

c. Aortic Root Surgery 

The aortic root is the part of the aorta (the main artery) closest to the heart. In this surgery, doctors repair or replace this section, including the aortic valve and nearby coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. This procedure is often done to treat an aortic aneurysm (a weak spot in the artery) or genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome that affect the aorta. 

 

d. Combined Valve and Coronary Procedures 

In this complex surgery, doctors treat both blocked coronary arteries (which supply blood to the heart) and damaged heart valves in one operation. Combining both procedures improves blood flow and heart function while reducing the need for multiple surgeries, making it easier on the patient.

 

e. Redo Cardiac Surgery 

Redo cardiac surgery is performed on patients who have had heart surgery before. It requires special skills because the surgeon needs to work through scar tissue from the previous procedure. This operation allows doctors to make necessary repairs or replacements, giving the heart a better chance to function well and relieving symptoms for the patient.

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Minimally Invasive Cardiac Procedures 

Minimally invasive cardiac procedures at Apollo Hospitals  offer advanced heart treatments through smaller incisions. By using special tools and techniques, surgeons can access the heart with less impact on the body, leading to faster healing, shorter hospital stays, and less scarring. This approach is often used for valve repairs, bypass surgeries, and other heart conditions, providing effective results with minimal trauma, allowing patients to get back to their lives sooner.

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Minimally Invasive Valve Procedures

a. Mitral Valve Repair and ReplacementThe mitral valve is one of the four valves in the heart, and it controls blood flow between the two  chambers on the left side (the left atrium and the left ventricle). Sometimes, this valve may not close properly, leading to blood leaking backward—a condition called Mitral regurgitation—or it may become stiff and narrow a condition called Mitral stenosis , which restricts blood flow. Mitral valve repair and replacement are procedures that fix these issues:
 

  • Repair involves techniques to fix the patient’s existing valve. This can include reshaping the valve, reinforcing it with a ring, or fixing the supportive tissues around it.
  • Replacement involves removing the damaged valve and replacing it with an artificial valve made of metal or animal tissue.

With minimally invasive techniques, these surgeries are done through small cuts in the chest rather than the large incision of traditional open-heart surgery. This allows faster recovery, less pain, and a shorter hospital stay.

Know more 

 

b. Aortic Valve Replacement

The aortic valve controls blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. When this valve is damaged, it can lead to aortic stenosis (a narrowed valve that restricts blood flow) or aortic regurgitation (a valve that doesn’t close fully, causing blood to leak back into the heart).
 

In aortic valve replacement:

  • The damaged aortic valve is removed and replaced with a new valve. This replacement valve may be made from materials like metal or tissue from animals.
  • Small incisions are used to access the heart, and advanced tools and imaging help guide the surgeon for precise valve placement.
     

By using minimally invasive techniques, recovery times are shorter, and the patient can resume normal activities sooner.

 

c. Tricuspid Valve Procedures

The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and the right ventricle, the chambers on the right side of the heart. When this valve is damaged, it can lead to problems like tricuspid regurgitation (leakage of blood backward) or tricuspid stenosis (narrowing of the valve).
 

Tricuspid valve repair and replacement can be done using minimally invasive techniques:

  • Repair involves tightening or reshaping the valve or reinforcing it to close more tightly and prevent leaks.
  • Replacement is considered if repair isn’t possible. The damaged valve is removed, and a new valve is placed to restore proper blood flow.

These procedures are done with small incisions and special tools that limit damage to surrounding tissue, making recovery quicker and less painful.

Know more 

 

d. Multiple Valve Surgeries

Some patients may have problems with more than one heart valve, such as both the mitral and aortic valves. When two or more valves are damaged, it can affect the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently.

Multiple valve surgeries allow doctors to repair or replace multiple valves in a single procedure, which can restore normal blood flow and improve heart function. With minimally invasive techniques, surgeons make small cuts in the chest rather than a large incision, reducing recovery time and lessening pain. This approach allows patients to heal faster while still receiving comprehensive treatment for multiple valve issues.
 

e. Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Procedures

The aortic root is the part of the aorta closest to the heart, where the aortic valve and coronary arteries are attached. When this area is damaged or weakened, such as by an aneurysm (a bulging, weakened area in the artery), it often needs repair to prevent serious complications. In valve-sparing aortic root procedures, surgeons repair the aortic root without removing the natural aortic valve. This approach preserves the patient’s original valve, which often works better than an artificial replacement and reduces the need for blood-thinning medications.Using small incisions and specialized tools, this minimally invasive technique allows for quicker healing and a faster return to normal activities for patients who are suitable candidates.

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Minimally invasive Coronary Revascularization procedures 

a. Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB)MIDCAB is a type of bypass surgery used to treat a single blocked artery. Instead of a large incision, the surgeon makes a small cut on the left side of the chest. This procedure doesn’t require stopping the heart, which can make it safer for some patients. The smaller incision also means a quicker recovery and less pain after surgery.

Know more 

 

b. Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass (TECAB): TECAB is a highly advanced bypass surgery performed with robotic assistance. Using the da Vinci robotic system, surgeons make tiny incisions or “ports” to guide the robotic tools and camera to the heart. This technique minimizes scarring, reduces recovery time, and allows for very precise movements, all of which benefit the patient.

 

c. Hybrid Revascularization Procedures: Hybrid revascularization is a combination of minimally invasive bypass surgery and stenting. In one planned procedure, the surgeon performs a bypass for some blocked arteries and uses stents for others, combining the best aspects of both techniques. This approach offers effective results, often with fewer incisions and faster recovery.

 

d. Small-Incision Bypass Surgery: This procedure is a modified form of traditional bypass surgery but is performed through smaller cuts on the chest. This reduces the impact on surrounding tissues, making recovery faster and less painful, while still providing the same benefits as a full bypass procedure.

 

e. Robotic-Assisted Procedures: Robotic-assisted heart procedures use advanced robotic technology, such as the da Vinci system, to perform precise surgeries through tiny incisions. This approach provides surgeons with a high-definition view of the heart and allows them to operate with great accuracy, resulting in minimal tissue damage, less pain, and quicker healing for the patient.

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Advanced Specialized Cardiac Programs

Apollo Heart Institutes, ranked among the best cardiac hospitals, offers comprehensive specialized cardiac programs led by expert heart specialists and cardiac surgeons.
 

a. Adult Congenital Heart SurgeryThis surgery treats adults born with heart defects. Some may have conditions that were never repaired, while others may have issues from previous childhood surgeries. These procedures require specialized skills to work with complex heart structures that vary from person to person.

Know more

 

b. Complex Aortic Surgery: This surgery repairs problems in the body’s main blood vessel, the aorta, which carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It treats conditions like aneurysms (weak spots), tears, or genetic disorders, using advanced techniques to replace or repair parts of the aorta.

 

c. Heart Failure SurgeryFor people with severe heart failure, advanced surgeries can help manage symptoms and improve heart function. Options include implanting a ventricular assist device (VAD) to support heart pumping, performing complex remodeling surgeries to reshape the heart, or heart transplantation if needed.

Know more

 

d. Inflammatory Cardiac Conditions: Specialized care is provided for heart infections or inflammation, such as endocarditis (heart valve infection), pericarditis (inflammation around the heart), and myocarditis (heart muscle inflammation). Treatment combines surgery with advanced medical therapies to relieve symptoms and protect heart health.

 

e. Cardiac Tumors: Cardiac tumor surgery removes abnormal growths in the heart. Using advanced imaging and precise surgical techniques, doctors safely remove both non-cancerous and cancerous tumors while preserving heart function.

 

f. Heart TransplantationIn this life-saving surgery, a failing heart is replaced with a healthy donor heart. Apollo’s comprehensive transplant program supports patients through every step:
 

  • Pre-Transplant Evaluation: Detailed health assessment to ensure a safe and successful transplant.
  • Bridge-to-Transplant Options: : For patients awaiting a heart transplant, bridge therapies such as ventricular assist devices (VADs) support heart function, stabilizing patients until a donor heart becomes available.
  • State-of-the-Art Surgery: Specialized techniques ensure precise and effective surgery.
  • Post-Transplant Care: Regular checks  and medical support to prevent complications.
  • Long-Term Follow-Up: Lifelong care and monitoring for transplant patients.

Know more about Heart Transplantation

RESEARCH & CASE STUDIES

Apollo Hospitals is committed to advancing cardiac care through innovative research and comprehensive case studies. Our Cardiology Research & Case Studies focus on improving treatment protocols, enhancing patient outcomes, and contributing to the global body of knowledge in cardiovascular health.
Ongoing Cardiac Trials

Apollo Hospitals actively participates in various ongoing cardiac trials aimed at evaluating new therapies and technologies. These trials include:

  • Clinical Trials for New Medications: Testing the efficacy and safety of new drugs designed to manage heart conditions such as heart failure, hypertension, and arrhythmias.
  • Device Trials: Evaluating the effectiveness of innovative devices, such as implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and advanced stents, in improving patient outcomes.
  • Lifestyle Intervention Studies: Researching the impact of lifestyle modifications on cardiac health, including diet, exercise, and stress management.

These trials not only contribute to global research but also provide our patients with access to cutting-edge treatments.

Published Cardiology Papers

Our cardiology team is dedicated to advancing the field through research and publication. We have contributed numerous papers to prestigious medical journals on topics such as:

  • Innovative Surgical Techniques: Studies on minimally invasive cardiac surgeries that reduce recovery times and improve outcomes.
  • Long-term Outcomes of Heart Transplants: Research detailing the success rates and quality of life improvements for heart transplant recipients.
  • Management of Chronic Heart Conditions: Publications focusing on best practices for managing conditions like heart failure and coronary artery disease.

These publications help disseminate knowledge and establish new standards in cardiac care.

Collaborative Cardiac Studies
 

Apollo Hospitals collaborates with leading institutions and research organizations to conduct comprehensive studies that enhance our understanding of cardiovascular health. These collaborative efforts include:

  • Multicenter Trials: Partnering with other hospitals to evaluate large-scale treatment protocols, ensuring diverse patient representation and robust data.
  • International Research Initiatives: Engaging in global research projects that address prevalent cardiac issues across different populations.
  • Educational Collaborations: Working with academic institutions to train future cardiologists and share the latest advancements in cardiac care.

These collaborations strengthen our research capabilities and contribute to improved patient care.

Patient Case Studies

Our commitment to individualized patient care is reflected in numerous cardiac patient case studies, which highlight successful treatment outcomes.

Technology we used

  • Imaging System
  • Surgical Technology
Imaging Systems

1. Biplane Cath-Labs

Our advanced cardiac catheterization laboratories (cath labs) use special  X-ray machines that can take pictures of your heart from two different angles at the same time. Think of it like having two cameras taking pictures simultaneously from different positions. This gives doctors a more complete view of your heart and blood vessels.
 

Benefits for patients:

  • Better Views, Better Care: Multiple angles allow for faster and more comfortable procedures
  • Increased Safety: Lesser dye usage protects kidney health
  • Greater Precision: Enhanced accuracy in navigating tiny instruments
  • Shorter Procedure Times: Better visibility leads to quicker procedures

 

2. 640-Slice CT Scanner

This ultra-modern scanner can take a complete picture of your heart in less than one second - literally in a single heartbeat. It's like taking a very detailed 3D photo album of your heart, incredibly quickly.
 

Advantages include:

  • Quick and Comfortable: Scans just takes seconds
  • Highly Detailed Images: Creates crystal-clear 3D pictures
  • Less Radiation: Uses much less radiation than previous versions of CT scanners
  • Early Detection: Can spot heart problems before symptoms appear
  • Non-Invasive: No needles or catheters required

Know More
 

3. Advanced Electrophysiology Suite

This specialized laboratory is designed to diagnose and treat heart rhythm problems. It's equipped with advanced technology that creates detailed 3D maps of your heart's electrical system.
 

Key Features:

  • 3D Mapping: Creates a detailed "GPS system" of your heart's electrical activity
  • Real-Time Guidance: Helps doctors navigate to exact locations causing rhythm problems
  • Precision Treatment: Allows targeted treatment of irregular heartbeats
  • Safety Features: Safety systems to minimize radiation exposure
  • Integrated Systems: All equipment work together seamlessly for better care
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Surgical Technology

1. Da Vinci Xi Surgical Robot

This advanced robotic system facilitates superhuman precision. It translates your surgeon's hand movements into smaller, more precise movements of tiny instruments inside your body.
 

How It Helps:

  • Tiny Incisions: Most cuts are just 8mm long
  • 3D HD Vision: Surgeons see inside your heart in high-definition 3D
  • Greater Precision: Robot hands never shake and can rotate 360 degrees
  • Faster Recovery: Smaller cuts mean less pain and quicker healing
  • Better Results: Enhanced precision often leads to better outcomes
    Know more
     

2. Cardiac Critical Care 

Our intensive care units are equipped with advanced life support systems to care for patients with serious heart conditions.
 

Advanced Features:

  • ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation): ECMO serves as a temporary heart-lung machine that assists patients whose hearts and lungs are too weak or ill to function properly.
  • ICU Beds: These specialized beds come equipped with built-in scales and advanced positioning capabilities.
  • Advanced Monitors: These devices continuously track vital signs, including heart rhythm, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and more.
  • Ventilators: The latest breathing support machines are available when needed.
  • Infection Control: This includes specialized air filtration and sterilization systems to maintain a safe environment.  

 

AI Integration

We use artificial intelligence to enhance heart care in several ways. This is an extra layer of intelligence supporting our medical team's expertise.
 

Smart Technology Features:

  • Automated Image Analysis: AI helps quickly analyze heart scans and identify potential problems
  • Pattern Recognition: Helps predict potential complications before they happen
  • Treatment Planning: Assists doctors in choosing the most effective treatments based on your specific condition
  • 24/7 Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of critical patients with automatic alerts for any changes
  • ProHealth Program: A personalized health monitoring system that helps track your progress and maintain heart health. Our ProHealth program uses AI to:
    • Create personalized heart health plans
    • Track your progress over time
    • Send helpful reminders for medications and appointments
    • Alert your doctor to any concerning changes in your health
    • Provide lifestyle recommendations based on your specific needs

 

This combination of advanced technology and human expertise ensures that you receive the most modern, effective, and safe cardiac care available. Each piece of equipment and system is carefully chosen and integrated to provide better outcomes and a more comfortable experience for our patients.

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The ProHealth Program provides a personalized health plan with risk analysis, tailored packages, advanced diagnostics, and expert guidance to improve your well-being.
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Apollo ProHealth
Apollo ProHealth Advanced Heart Program - Apollo S...
₹ 30170 /-
Cardiac / Heart
Your ProHealth digital report is simple, clear, and easy tounderstand. It brings together test results, AI-powered risk scores, doctor’sinterpretation
With ProHealth,care doesn’t stop after your health check. Even after your health check, yourdedicated health mentor will guide you on diet, exercise, View More
Age Range
18+
Gender
male female
Location
Apollo Speciality Hospitals Jayanagar Bangalore
Apollo ProHealth
Apollo ProHealth Advanced Heart Program - Apollo H...
₹ 12500 /-
Cardiac / Heart
Your ProHealth digital report is simple, clear, and easy to understand. It brings together test results, AI-powered risk scores, doctor’s interpretati
With ProHealth, care doesn’t stop after your health check. Even after your health check, your dedicated health mentor will guide you on diet, exercise View More
Age Range
18+
Gender
male female
Location
Apollo Hospitals Bannerghatta Road
Apollo ProHealth
Apollo ProHealth Heart Program - Apollo Speciality...
₹ 10700 /-
Cardiac / Heart
Your ProHealth digital report is simple, clear, and easy tounderstand. It brings together test results, AI-powered risk scores, doctor’sinterpretation
WithProHealth, care doesn’t stop after your health check. Even after your healthcheck, your dedicated health mentor will guide you on diet, exercise, View More
Age Range
18+
Gender
male female
Location
Apollo Speciality Hospitals Vanagaram
Apollo ProHealth
Apollo ProHealth Heart Program - Apollo Hospitals ...
₹ 13800 /-
Cardiac / Heart
Your ProHealth digital report is simple, clear, and easy to understand. It brings together test results, AI-powered risk scores, doctor’s interpretati
With ProHealth, care doesn’t stop after your health check. Even after your health check, your dedicated health mentor will guide you on diet, exercise View More
Age Range
18+
Gender
male female
Location
Apollo Hospitals Greams Road Chennai

PATIENT JOURNEY

At Apollo, we support patients through every step of their heart care journey, providing guidance from the first consultation to long-term recovery. Our approach ensures a smooth and reassuring experience, with personalized attention at each stage.
  • Initial Consultation
  • Treatment Phase
  • Recovery and Rehabilitation
  • Preparing for Your Visit
Initial Consultation

Your heart care journey begins with a complete evaluation to help us understand your health needs and develop the best plan for you. During this visit, you can expect:

  • Review of Medical History: The doctor will go over your past health issues, family history of heart disease, and any symptoms you’ve been experiencing.
  • Physical Examination: A thorough physical check to assess your current health.
  • Diagnostic Testing: Initial tests may include blood work, ECG, or other tests to understand your heart health.
  • Risk Assessment: Based on your health history and test results, we assess your risk for heart disease.
  • Treatment Planning: After reviewing the findings, the doctor will discuss potential treatment options and answer any questions, helping you understand the next steps.
Treatment Phase

During your treatment, whether you’re having a procedure or surgery, our team is here to ensure you’re informed, comfortable, and well cared for. This phase includes:

  • Detailed Information on Procedures: We explain what to expect from any treatment or procedure so that you feel fully prepared.
  • Preparation Guidance: Before any procedure, you’ll receive instructions to help you get ready and feel confident.
  • Updates During Hospital Stay: While you’re in the hospital, we keep you and your family informed of your progress every day.
  • Daily Physician Rounds: Your doctor visits you daily to check your recovery and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment.
  • Supportive Care Team: Our nurses, specialists, and support staff work together to ensure you receive the highest quality of care.
Recovery and Rehabilitation

After treatment, we focus on helping you heal and regain strength through a personalized recovery program

  • Custom Rehabilitation Plans: We create a plan just for you, including exercises and activities to rebuild strength and heart health.
  • Physical Therapy: Our physical therapists guide you through exercises to improve mobility and strength at your own pace.
  • Occupational Therapy: If needed, therapists help you adjust to any changes, enabling you to confidently perform daily activities.
  • Psychological Support: We provide emotional support to help you cope with any concerns, ensuring a positive mindset throughout recovery.
  • Nutritional Guidance: Our dietitians advise on heart-healthy foods to support long-term recovery and wellness.
Preparing for Your Visit

We want every patient to feel prepared and comfortable. Following a few steps before your appointment can help us deliver the best care for you.

Before Your Appointment

Please carry with you the following documents and records:

  • Medical History: A summary of your health history, including past illnesses or surgeries.
  • Previous Test Results: Any previous heart-related test results, such as blood tests or imaging scans.
  • Medication List: A complete list of any medications you’re currently taking.
  • Insurance Information: Details about your health insurance coverage.
  • Identification Documents: Patient identification.
  • Questions or Concerns: Write down any questions you want to ask the doctor.

Medical Records: If available, bring any relevant health documents, such as:

  • Reports from previous heart procedures
  • Recent lab results
  • Imaging studies (e.g., scans) on CD or DVD
  • Referral letters from other doctors
  • Recent ECG (electrocardiogram) reports
  • Any other health documents that may help us understand your needs

During Your Visit 

Your first consultation usually includes:

  • Discussion with Your Cardiologist: You’ll talk with the doctor about your health history, symptoms, and any concerns.
  • Physical Examination: A thorough checkup to assess your heart health.
  • Review of Medical Records: The doctor will review any documents or test results you’ve brought along.
  • Diagnostic Tests: If needed, some tests may be done during the appointment to get a clearer picture of your heart’s condition.
  • Developing a Treatment Plan: The doctor will explain the best treatment options and answer any questions you have, so you feel comfortable and well-informed about your care.
Initial Consultation

Your heart care journey begins with a complete evaluation to help us understand your health needs and develop the best plan for you. During this visit, you can expect:

  • Review of Medical History: The doctor will discuss your medical history, family history of heart disease, current medications, and any symptoms you may be experiencing.
  • Physical Examination: A comprehensive physical examination will be performed to evaluate your overall cardiovascular health.
  • Diagnostic Testing: Initial evaluations may include blood tests, an ECG (electrocardiogram), or other diagnostic tests to assess your heart function.
  • Risk Assessment: Based on your medical history, lifestyle, and test results, your doctor will evaluate your risk factors for heart disease.
  • Treatment Planning: After reviewing the findings, your cardiologist will explain the diagnosis, discuss personalized treatment options, answer your questions, and outline the next steps in your care plan.

International Patient Services

Apollo Hospitals offers a complete range of services for international patients seeking heart care, making every step smooth and stress-free—from planning your treatment to your recovery journey. Here’s how we support you:
  • Pre-Arrival Support
  • During Your Stay
  • Post-Treatment Care
Pre-Arrival Support
Before you arrive, we help you plan and prepare for your visit:
  • Medical Documentation Review: Our team reviews your medical records to understand your needs and create a treatment plan.
  • Treatment Planning: We design a personalized care plan tailored to your specific heart condition.
  • Cost Estimates: We provide transparent cost estimates to help you plan financially.
  • Visa Assistance: We assist with visa requirements and provide documentation to support your medical travel.
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During Your Stay

While you are at Apollo Hospitals, we make sure you and your family feel fully supported:

 

  • Dedicated Coordinators: You’ll have a personal care coordinator to guide you through every step of your stay.
  • Language Support: Trained interpreters are available to help you communicate clearly with your healthcare team in your preferred language.
  • Cultural Considerations: We respect cultural needs and provide services that align with your preferences.
  • Family Accommodation: We assist with finding comfortable  accommodation options for your family .
  • Regular Updates: Our team provides updates on your treatment and recovery to keep both you and your family informed.
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Post-Treatment Care

After your treatment, we continue to support you to ensure a successful recovery:

 

  • Follow-Up Planning: We arrange follow-up appointments and consultations to monitor your recovery.
  • Telemedicine Options: You can stay connected with our doctors through virtual consultations.
  • Coordination with Home Country Physicians: We collaborate with your local doctor to ensure you receive consistent care.
  • Digital Health Records: Access your medical records online for easy sharing and future care needs.
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Every recovery Tells a story.

Experience the inspiring journeys of patients who found hope, healing, and care at Apollo Hospitals.
When I was 50 in 2010, my surgeon Dr. Paul Ramesh told me that if I if I chose medicinal aid it will be palliative but choosing bypass surgery will be more curative. The one memorable line which made me decide on surgery was ... Read more
R. Natarajan., Chennai
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Many Thanks to Dr Manish Samson for guiding and explaining the entire process of BTKR when we came first for consultation. Dr Manish was recommended to us by our family internally. His friendly approach and honest suggestions ... Read more
Mr. Chintamani Khanvilkar,
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"I was shocked to know that I weighed 348 kgs when I measured myself on arrival at Apollo Hospitals and was suffering from severe sleep apnoea, arthritis and compulsive eating habits. I was rejected as a candidate fit for sur ... Read more
Mr. Sanjey Dey, Guwahati
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"Being a chef, I had become a compulsive and voracious eater for the last decade and gained around 60 kgs since. I developed Diabetes very early in life and for the last 2 years am on drugs for my high BP. Bariatric surgery c ... Read more
Mr. Satheesh Krishnan, Hyderabad
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Awards & Achievements
2025
  • Cryoanalgesia Used During Minimally Invasive CABG: Apollo Hospitals Bengaluru successfully deployed a novel pain management technique, cryoanalgesia, during minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), enabling improved postoperative comfort and recovery.
  • Robotic Double Valve Replacement: Apollo Hospitals Bengaluru performed a rare robotic double valve replacement using the latest-generation Da Vinci Xi Surgical System in a high-risk patient with severe aortic and mitral valve disease.
  • AVEIR Leadless Pacemaker Implantation: A patient with Sick Sinus Syndrome underwent implantation of Atrial AVEIR Leadless Pacemaker, described as a breakthrough in minimally invasive transcatheter cardiac rhythm management.
  • Advanced Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Assessment: Apollo successfully performed microvascular dysfunction assessment using new Coroventis technology in a patient with persistent angina despite normal coronary arteries.
  • Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (ViV-TAVI): First-of-his-kind, successfully performed for a 38-year-old female patient, the youngest patient in India to undergo such a procedure.
2024
  • India’s First Dual Heart Valve Repair: Successfully performed on a 59-year-old patient at Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, setting a new benchmark in cardiac care.
  • Central India’s First Neonatal Permanent Pacemaker Implantation: Conducted on a 2-day-old newborn by Apollo Hospitals, Indore, exemplifying excellence in pediatric cardiac care.
2023
  • Asia's First Dual Implant of MitraClip and TAVR: Successfully performed on a Sri Lankan patient at Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, demonstrating regional leadership in cutting-edge cardiac interventions.
  • Over 4,000 Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgeries (MICS): Achieved by Apollo Multispeciality Hospitals, Kolkata, marking the highest in Eastern India.
  • World’s Largest Artificial Pulmonary Valve (32mm) Implantation Without Surgery: Successfully conducted by Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, demonstrating pioneering non-invasive cardiac care.
  • India’s First Combined Cardiac and Tracheal Surgery: Performed on an 11-month-old baby from Oman at Apollo Children’s Hospital, Chennai, showcasing expertise in complex pediatric procedures.
  • India’s First Robot-Assisted Cardiac Surgery on a 93-Year-Old Patient: Performed at Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, showcasing excellence in advanced robotic cardiac surgery.
  • India’s First Next-Day Discharge After TAVR: Achieved by Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, marking advancements in patient recovery and care efficiency.
  • First in Asia – Four Back-to-Back MitraClip Procedures in a Single Day: Successfully performed by Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, demonstrating procedural excellence.
  • Assam’s First Transcatheter Heart Valve Replacement Procedure (TAVR): Performed by Apollo Hospitals, Guwahati on a 73-year-old woman, a first for the region.
2022
  • India’s Oldest Post-Bypass Surgery Patient Undergoes TAVR: A 91-year-old patient successfully treated at Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, reflecting expertise in high-risk cardiac care.
2019
  • Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai’s First Heart Transplant: Successfully performed on a 33-year-old male patient, marking a milestone in regional cardiac care.
  • India’s First Minimally Invasive Robotic Hybrid Revascularisation Surgery: Conducted at Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, highlighting innovative surgical approaches.
2018
  • India’s First Minimally Invasive Hybrid Revascularisation (Non-Robotic): Performed by Apollo Hospitals, Chennai on a 53-year-old patient with triple vessel blocks.
  • Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata’s First Heart Transplant: Successfully performed from a brain-dead donor, advancing transplant care in Eastern India.
Since 1995
  • Leading Heart Transplant Program: Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, performed India’s first private heart transplant and has achieved long-term survival rates matching global benchmarks.
  • Pioneered Open Heart Surgeries and Cardiac Catheterization: In the 1980s, Apollo Hospitals set the stage for modern cardiac care in India.

Video Library

Explore expert-written articles on diseases, symptoms, tests, treatments, and recovery guidelines across all major medical specialties.
  • Common Heart Problems
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Health Blogs

Stay informed with expert-written health blogs covering prevention, treatments, lifestyle tips, and medical advancements.
Top 5 Causes of Cardiovascular or Heart Diseases
February 18, 2025
Top 5 Causes of Cardiovascular or Heart Diseases
In general, Cardiovascular disease describes a range of disorders that affect the heart. Narrowing of the blood vessels is a common form of heart disease. CVD encompasses diseases including coronary artery disease; heart rhythm problems, or arrhythmias; heart infections; and congenital heart defects. There are a number of factors responsible for an individual to develop heart diseases. Some of them may include being overweight, lack of physical activity, improper nutrient supply in our body. Depression and the feeling of isolation may also contribute to the causes of such heart diseases. Major causes of cardiovascular diseases are as below: Smoking Yes! It is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. Smoking may reduce the amount of oxygen present in our blood due to damaged blood vessels. Just a couple of cigarettes severely damage the heart. Not only this, it causes “stickier” artery walls leading to forming of clots which further causes a stroke or a heart attack. Diabetes Diabetes also causes damage to blood vessels therefore contributing to cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance increases risk of coronary heart disease. Some steps to control and manage your diabetes for a longer period are as below: Learn about Diabetes Get routine care to stay healthy High Total Blood Cholesterol Anything in excess may be dangerous and this best suits the case here. In certain amount cholesterol is necessary for the normal functioning of the body but in excess is a total disaster for your heart. If the blood cholesterol reading is high it may lead to high LDL level which is a ‘Bad’ cholesterol build up in arteries. This narrows the arteries and makes it harder for the blood to flow. It further leads to lack of oxygen to the heart. This can cause a heart attack or a brain stroke. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) In women, PCOS is the major cause for heart diseases. If you know you have this risk factor, it is important to take immediate action. Higher level of insulin is associated with PCOS and thus increases the risk for a heart attack and stroke. High Blood Pressure Usually hypertension is defined as high blood pressure and is considered severe if untreated and may further cause heart disease and strokes. The excessive pressure on your artery walls is caused by high blood pressure and may further damage your blood vessels as well as other organs in your body. It may further lead to complications as below: Heart failure Stroke or Heart attack Weakened and narrowed blood vessels in your kidneys Dementia What Next? The first step was to know the causes of cardiovascular diseases. Here comes the next step which is to reduce the chances of developing it. It is better to consider having healthy diet, physical activity, weight management. These small changes may help support your cardiovascular health. Also seek immediate medical care in case you have below heart symptoms. Chest pain Shortness of breath Fainting Swollen feet or ankles Also, when detected early, heart disease is easier to treat. So take medical consultation without a second thought.
Cardiovascular Diseases: Types, Symptoms and Treatments
February 18, 2025
Cardiovascular Diseases: Types, Symptoms and Treatments
Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular disease (also known as heart and circulatory disease) refers to a class of disease involving congested or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke. Further, some heart conditions which affect your heart’s muscles, valves or rhythm are also considered forms of heart disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of deaths globally. Types of Cardiovascular diseases: Cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels are known as vascular diseases. Some of them are as below: Coronary artery disease, also known as coronary heart disease and ischemic heart disease Peripheral arterial disease – Disease of blood vessels that supply blood to the arms and legs Cerebrovascular disease – Disease of blood vessels that supply blood to the brain (includes stroke) There are also many cardiovascular diseases that involve the heart. Cardiomyopathy – Diseases of cardiac muscle Hypertensive heart disease  – Diseases of the heart secondary to high blood pressure or hypertension Heart failure – a clinical syndrome caused by the inability of the heart to supply enough blood to the tissues to meet their metabolic requirements Pulmonary heart disease – A failure at the right side of the heart with respiratory system involvement Cardiac dysrhythmias – abnormalities of heart rhythm Inflammatory heart disease that includes Endocarditis – inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. The structures most commonly involved are the heart valves. Inflammatory cardiomegaly Myocarditis – inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart, caused most often by viral infection and less often by bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, and autoimmune disorders. It is characterized in part by infiltration of the heart by lymphocyte and monocyte types of white blood cells. Eosinophilic myocarditis – inflammation of the myocardium caused by pathologically activated eosinophilic white blood cells. This disorder differs from myocarditis in its causes and treatments. Valvular heart disease Congenital heart disease – heart structure malformations existing at birth Rheumatic heart disease – heart muscles and valves damage due to rheumatic fever caused by Streptococcus pyogenes a group A streptococcal infection. Depending on different types of cardiovascular disease symptoms will vary for a patient. However, typical symptoms may include:  Pressure or pain in the chest   Pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back  Shortness of breath  Nausea and fatigue  Light-headed or faint  Cold sweat The treatment too, depends on the type of condition the person has. For instance, if you have a heart infection, you’ll likely be given antibiotics. In general, the treatment may include the following. Lifestyle adaptations, such as weight control, workout, abandoning smoking and dietary changes; medications to control blood pressure, diabetes or cholesterol; Specific procedures or surgery, depending on the type of heart disease and the extent of the damage; cardiac rehabilitation, comprising exercise and counselling. The treatment aims to relieve symptoms, decrease the risk of the condition worsening or recurring, avoid complications. Depending on the condition, it might further aim to stabilize heart rhythms, reduce blockages, and widen the arteries enabling a better flow of blood.
Reduce Risk of Cardio Vascular Diseases by Heart Healthy Diet
February 18, 2025
Reduce Risk of Cardio Vascular Diseases by Heart Healthy Diet
Healthy Diet and lifestyle modifications help in reducing the risk for cardiovascular diseases. People with type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypertension are more prone for heart diseases and stroke. Most important nutrients for reducing the risk of heart diseases include high fiber, low fat, B complex vitamins (folic acid, ) , low sodium diet. Fiber present in whole cereals and legumes, fresh fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of heart diseases by reducing the cholesterol levels. Unsaturated fats, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated are beneficial for heart health.  They are present in fish, nuts, seeds and vegetables. The essential fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 are found in oily fish and in nuts and seeds.  Our bodies cannot make these acids so we have to eat them to gain their benefits, which include improving cholesterol levels in the body. Colorful fruits and vegetables which are rich in antioxidants also reduce the risk of heart diseases. Reducing the salt content in the diet (table salt, pickles, papads, processed foods)  is very much helpful for hypertensive patients as well as high-risk individuals to prevent cardiac disease. Limit foods and beverages high in calories to reduce or maintain weight , thus helps in keeping your heart healthy. ________________________________________________________________________________ Ms. Sowmya Kalluri, M.Sc, R.D, CDE Regional Manager- Dietetics Apollo Sugar Clinics Ltd To book appointments with the finest Cardiologist and heart specialists, visit the link below: Cardiologist in Bangalore   |   Cardiologist in Hyderabad  
Understanding Cardiovascular Risk in Indian Women
February 18, 2025
Understanding Cardiovascular Risk in Indian Women
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for over a quarter of adult deaths in India, making heart health a crucial topic, especially for women. Despite misconceptions, women are at significant risk for heart disease, and they often exhibit different symptoms than men. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), CVDs are the leading cause of death among adult women in India. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) 2019-20 noted that 0.7% of women across India reported heart disease compared to 0.9% of men. However, this slight difference in self-reporting underestimates the actual cardiovascular risk women face. Understanding these risks and utilising advanced screening modalities can be crucial for early detection and prevention. The Heart Health Landscape for Indian Women Women face unique risk factors for heart disease, including non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, hypertension and obesity, and hormonal changes during menopause, gestational diabetes, and conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indian women also tend to develop heart disease a decade earlier than their Western counterparts, underscoring the need for early awareness and intervention. High Prevalence of NCDs in India: One of the primary risk factors for heart disease in India is the high prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. As the second-largest diabetic population in the world, Indian women are especially vulnerable. Obesity rates, poor dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, and increasing stress levels compound these risks. Unique Risk Factors in Indian Women: PCOS affects a significant number of Indian women and is associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes — all of which heighten cardiovascular risk. Early menopause, common in Indian women, brings hormonal changes that elevate cholesterol, blood pressure, and heart disease risk. Additionally, women with gestational diabetes are at higher risk of developing heart disease later in life.   Go Beyond Routine Heart Health When it comes to assessing heart health, most of us are familiar with routine tests like the lipid profile and ECG (electrocardiogram). While these tests provide essential insights, they often don’t tell the full story about your cardiovascular health. Lipid profiles measure cholesterol levels, and ECGs monitor electrical activity in the heart, but they may not give a complete picture of heart function. To truly assess heart health, more comprehensive testing is needed: ECHO (Echocardiogram): An ultrasound that assesses your heart’s structure and measures how well it pumps blood Treadmill Test (TMT): Measures how your heart performs under physical stress Apolipoproteins A and B: These biomarkers give a more detailed understanding of cholesterol’s role in heart disease, especially when traditional tests seem normal. Plaque Imaging: Provides a direct look at the build-up of fatty deposits (plaques) in your arteries, helping doctors identify and treat cardiovascular risks early. By combining these tests, healthcare providers can offer a comprehensive, personalised assessment of your heart health. Barriers to Early Detection Despite the rising risk of heart disease among Indian women, several barriers exist that prevent early detection and timely treatment: Lack of Awareness: Many women and healthcare providers do not fully recognise the signs of heart disease in women. Symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and nausea can be mistaken for less severe conditions, delaying crucial intervention. Low Screening Rates: Regular heart check and advanced screenings are often not part of routine healthcare for women. Cultural and Societal Norms: Women, with their multitasking nature, typically tend to prioritise the health of their family over their own well-being. As a result, they may delay seeking medical attention, even when experiencing symptoms of heart disease. Mitigating Women’s Inherent Risks Despite these risks, Indian women can take steps to protect their heart health: Healthy Diet: Prioritise a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limiting salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats can significantly benefit your heart. Regular Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week. Physical activity helps manage weight, reduce blood pressure, and improve overall heart health. Manage Stress: Chronic stress can elevate the risk of heart disease. Women should incorporate stress-relieving practices such as mindfulness, meditation, or hobbies into their daily lives. Prioritising mental health is just as important as physical well-being. Avoid Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease. Quitting can dramatically reduce your risk. Routine Checks: Regular monitoring of key health indicators like blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar is essential. Let’s prioritise our heart health by understanding our unique risks as women. Remember, a healthy heart today means a healthier, longer life tomorrow. Let’s get informed, get tested, and stay heart-healthy!
Heart Attack Warning Signs You Should Never Ignore
February 18, 2025
Heart Attack Warning Signs You Should Never Ignore
Heart attacks may happen to anybody, and they frequently strike without warning. Knowing the Heart Attack Warning Signs beforehand is essential for early diagnosis and treatment, as it can reduce the chances of serious compliation and improve survival. Treating with the use of medical intervention shortly after heart attack guarantees that less harm is done to the heart’s muscles and normal blood flow is been restored. As a result, knowing the signs and seeking immediate medical attention from the top heart attack surgeon/ cardiologist at Apollo Hospitals can save your life. Understanding why a heart attack occurs is also very significant because it can help identify potential risk factors and try to work toward some preventive measures. Why Do Heart Attacks Happen? A heart attack is commonly referred to as a myocardial infarction. A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a portion of the heart is cut off. It is caused mostly by the formation of a clot in the coronary artery, which has constricted due to plaque development. Without oxygen-rich blood, it cannot receive oxygen, causing damage to the heart muscle and tissue death. The most common risk factors that lead to a heart attack are those with high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, obesity, diabetes, and lack of physical activity. Stress is also another risk factor that can put a person at an increased risk level, but having a background history of heart disease in the family elevates the overall risk from an early age. Common Heart Attack Symptoms Many people assume heart attacks always begin with a sharp pain in the chest. However, the symptoms can vary. Some people may experience less typical signs that are easy to overlook. Some of the Heart Attack Warning Signs that you should not overlook are listed below. Chest Pain or Discomfort Chest pain can be perhaps the most obvious sign of a heart attack. Sometimes it feels like pressure, squeezing, or even a heaviness in the chest. Some describe it as burning. It may come and go for minutes, or it can go away and return. It is also worth mentioning that in men and women, the chest pain can be very different. In males, there are more frequent symptoms associated with severe chest pain; however, in females, it might be mild or even less symptomatic such that some mistake it for heartburn. Shortness of Breath Shortness of breath would be another early warning symptom of a heart attack. You are unable to catch your breath even while you are sitting. It can occur with or without chest pain, or you may have mild discomfort in your chest. This symptom indicates that your heart is in fact having a really hard time pumping blood, and it needs immediate medical treatment. Fatigue One symptom which could appear during a heart attack in women may be unusual or extreme tiredness. Generally, you’ll feel so weary that you might become unexpectedly exhausted after you do simple tasks that otherwise don’t exhaust you. This sudden fatigue and lack of obvious cause could be your heart trying to warn you. Nausea and Vomiting The heart attack may be accompanied with dizziness or nausea and vomiting. Such symptoms are usually mistaken to be due to food poisoning or indigestion, though they can mean your heart is in trouble as well. Back Pain and Jaw Pain A heart attack can cause pain that is not just in the chest. The back, jaw, neck, or even the arms may experience pain radiating from it. Since heart attacks are frequently not severe, the discomfort they cause can be quite puzzling. Instead of feeling the pain in the chest, sometimes women usually feel it in the jaw or behind the back. Sudden Weakness or Dizziness Sudden, unexplained weakness or dizziness is a symptom that never should be ignored. Be warned: If you experience a sudden sense of lightheadedness or faintness, it may indicate your brain isn’t getting enough blood, meaning possibly you are in a heart attack. Combined with any other symptoms of a heart attack, this is a major warning sign to be treated as such. Anxiety A sensation of impending harm is reported by some as occurring just prior to a heart attack. Acute anxiety episodes like this might be accompanied by heartbeats or palpitations. Anxiety is a common emotion that can have a variety of reasons. Even if it coexists with other heart attack symptoms, the individual should obtain help right once. Understanding the Severity: Time is Muscle In medical cases of heart attacks, there is this saying: “Time is muscle.” This is to say that the quicker you get help, the more heart muscle you can save. Upon occurrence of a heart attack, blood flow to a certain portion of the heart is cut, and tissue damage does occur. With every minute to waste, so much heart muscle is going to die. That’s why it becomes so important to know early warning signs of a heart attack and act fast on getting help. When to Call for Emergency Response Call emergency help immediately if you believe you, or someone else, is having a heart attack. Delaying treatment can have serious consequences. If you experience any of the above heart attack symptoms, especially chest pain or shortness of breath, do not hesitate. It’s usually better to call an ambulance rather than going to hospital on your own. This way, the treatment will already have begun by the time the paramedics arrive, which could make all the difference for your outcome. Prevention: Reducing the Risk of a Heart Attack While it is great to recognize heart attack signs, prevention is the best thing. There are ways by which one may be able to reduce the chance of ever having a heart attack. ● Healthy Diet: Eat more fruits and vegetables. Include whole grains, whole grains are good sources of fiber and other nutrients that play a role in regulating blood pressure and heart health. Limit unhealthy fats and always choose low fat protein sources. ● Regular Exercise: The heart should be kept active, so engage in some physical activity. Try to maintain at least 15 minutes of moderate exercise in a day, such as brisk walking, running or swimming. Exercise would help in lowering the blood pressure, improving the circulation, and keeping your weight in check. ● Manage Stress: Chronic stress also damages your heart health. Learn how to cope up with this stress through meditation, yoga, deep breathing, or hobbies that make you feel happy. ● Routine Health Check-ups: Maintain your heart health through regular check-ups. Visit your doctor regularly for blood pressure checks, cholesterol level checks, and blood sugar tests. You can avoid a heart attack if you handle the risk factors well, before it gets out of your control. Conclusion A heart attack can strike suddenly, but the body often gives warning signs. Recognizing Heart Attack Warning Signs such as chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue, and other symptoms can save a lot of lives. In case of doubt, always call for an emergency. Be proactive about your heart health through a healthy lifestyle management of stress and regular check-ups. Apollo Hospitals is your one-stop shop for the best medical care, and they have the most precise facilities to provide you with high-quality cardiac care. Contact a doctor right away if you or someone you know exhibits symptoms of a heart attack.
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February 18, 2025
Use Heart for Heart Disease Prevention: How Collective Action Can Save Lives.
Heart diseases are becoming common these days. Most people suffer from one type of stress or the other. Mental stress is one of the most common reasons for heart disease. Taking care of the heart is important for the normal functioning of other body organs. The heart is the central organ that supplies blood to the other body parts including the brain. Any disturbance in the blood supply can cause a threat to life. Therefore, maintaining a healthy heart is important. Ways to Prevent Heart Diseases Organise Community Events Community events can help to create awareness about the heart and its importance. Ask people to wear red on one day to make people aware of heart health. This can help start conversations with people about heart diseases. Collective action can help save lives by making people aware of heart health and by discussing tips to prevent heart disease. Learn CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a simple technique that can help save lives. Many people suffer a heart attack outside a hospital. You can save people if you come across someone suffering from a heart attack outside the hospital. You can also train other people in this technique so that everyone can help each other. Regular Screening Regular screening for the early diagnosis of heart disease is very important. You must visit a doctor once every six months for regular screening of risk factors such as high blood pressure (BP) and high cholesterol levels. Early detection of any abnormality can help to prevent chronic heart problems. You can also encourage your family members and friends to do the same at least twice a year. Cook Heart-Healthy Food You must ensure that you eat heart-healthy food at least once or twice a week. You should cook heart-healthy food at home and also call your family and friends to enjoy food with you. You can also organise a small meeting to teach your friends and family a few simple recipes that can keep your heart happy and healthy. Regularly Engage in Physical Activity It is an important step to prevent heart disease. You can go for a simple walk with family or friends in the morning or evening. You can also collaborate with a fitness centre in your area to organise a walk in your area and create awareness about the importance of exercise for preventing heart disease. If you are busy in the morning or evening, you can take some time to go for a walk after lunchtime. Use Social Media You can use social media to reach out to your friends living far apart to create awareness about heart health. You can also share the recipe for heart-healthy meals with them online. You can also share your pictures while taking part in creating awareness about heart health. This can motivate people to take care of their heart. Lifestyle Modifications to Prevent Heart Diseases You can prevent heart disease by making lifestyle modifications. You can take the following steps to prevent heart disease and keep your heart healthy: Avoid Alcohol Drinking Alcohol drinking can affect your heart health badly. Therefore, avoid drinking alcohol to enhance the life of your heart and improve overall health. Alcohol not only affects your liver but also impairs the normal functioning of your overall body system. Stop Smoking Smoking is another contributing factor for developing heart diseases. Stop smoking at once if you want to keep your heart in a healthy condition. If anyone in your family smokes, you can encourage them to stop smoking. It may be difficult, but with family’s support, one can quit smoking. Maintain Ideal Body Weight Obesity is another risk factor for heart disease. If your body weight is more than required, you must take action to reduce your body weight. Eat fewer calories and incorporate physical activity to save your heart. Control calorie intake, eat a healthy diet, and remain physically active to maintain ideal body weight. Manage Stress Mental stress increases the risk of heart disease. Young people are at a greater risk as they have a lot of work pressure. The young generation thinks that smoking can reduce stress, but it contributes to making the condition worse. Therefore, you must find natural and healthy ways to manage stress. You can sit and talk with your family, exercise regularly, and practice yoga and meditation to manage stress effectively. Control Blood Sugar Levels Diabetic people are more prone to develop heart diseases. People suffering from high blood sugar levels should go for a regular screening. Control blood sugar by incorporating good eating habits, managing weight, and doing regular physical activity. Get Adequate Sleep Giving rest to the brain is important for getting ready for the next day’s work. Therefore, it is important to sleep for 7-8 hours daily at night for the optimum functioning of your heart. Avoid using electronic devices (including mobiles, laptops, earphones, etc.) at least two hours before going to sleep. Physical exertion helps to get a good night’s sleep. Meditation and yoga also improve sleep quality. Conclusion The heart is the most important organ that helps in the normal functioning of your entire body including the brain. Therefore, you must keep your heart healthy. Incorporating healthy lifestyle habits such as exercising, eating a healthy diet, and getting good sleep can also help in maintaining a healthy heart. We must help each other in taking care of our hearts by sharing our stories and thoughts through community discussions.

FAQs on Cardiac Care Insurance

1 What cardiac procedures are covered by insurance at Apollo Hospitals?
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Most insurance plans cover key heart treatments, including CABG, angioplasty and stenting, heart valve surgeries, heart transplants etc.
2 Is cashless treatment available for heart care?
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Yes, many insurance plans offer cashless treatment at Apollo Hospitals, so you won’t need to make upfront payments. Your insurance provider’s approval is required for cashless treatment.
3 How do I get pre-authorization for planned hospitalization?
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For planned admissions, submit a pre-authorization request to your Third Party Administrator (TPA) at least 4-5 days before your hospital stay. Our Insurance Cell team can help with this process.
4 What if my hospital expenses go over the pre-approved amount?
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If your expenses exceed the pre-approved limit, you can contact our Insurance Cell team to request an increase. They will work with your TPA for approval.
5 How quickly can I get approval for emergency hospitalization?
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In emergencies, the Insurance Cell will prioritize your approval request. Approvals usually take about 3 hours during working hours.
6 What happens if my insurance claim is denied?
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If your claim is denied, our Insurance Cell team can help you understand why and guide you through options for appeal or resubmission.
7 Are pre-existing conditions covered by insurance?
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Coverage for pre-existing conditions depends on your policy terms. Check your specific policy for details on waiting periods or exclusions.
8 Can I use my company’s health insurance for heart care at Apollo Hospitals?
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Yes, many corporate health insurance plans are accepted at Apollo Hospitals. Check with your HR department or insurance provider for details on your coverage.
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